![]() To transform data, you perform a mathematical operation on each observation, then use these transformed numbers in your statistical test. Untransformed data on left, log-transformed data on right. Histograms of number of Eastern mudminnows per 75 m section of stream (samples with 0 mudminnows excluded). ![]() In some cases, transforming the data will make it fit the assumptions better. Using a parametric statistical test (such as an anova or linear regression) on such data may give a misleading result. Many biological variables do not meet the assumptions of parametric statistical tests: they are not normally distributed, the standard deviations are not homogeneous, or both. If a measurement variable does not fit a normal distribution or has greatly different standard deviations in different groups, you should try a data transformation. ![]()
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